{"id":102,"date":"2023-07-22T13:36:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T11:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/?page_id=102"},"modified":"2024-12-05T18:16:06","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T17:16:06","slug":"section-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/en\/section-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Section I"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/span><\/h1>\n

Tous ensemble! Tous ensemble!
solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em><\/span><\/h1>\n

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Ao\u00fbt 1980. Le Mur et le portail du chantier naval de Gdansk\u2026 les ouvriers en gr\u00e8ve\u2026 la foule des gens paisibles\u2026<\/p>\n

Ces images parcourent en Occident les \u00e9crans de t\u00e9l\u00e9 et les colonnes de la presse. \u00c9v\u00e9nements immortalis\u00e9s par quelques photographes amateurs, par des passants, mais aussi par des journalistes et des reporteurs \u00e9trangers, qui viennent de l\u2019Ouest pour \u00eatre au c\u0153ur de l\u2019action…<\/p>\n

Les images de cette Pologne lointaine, derri\u00e8re le Rideau de Fer, o\u00f9 les ouvriers des chantiers se mettent en gr\u00e8ve, p\u00e9n\u00e8trent progressivement l\u2019opinion publique mondiale\u2026<\/p>\n

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Entretien de Leszek Biernacki
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\u00ab J\u2019ai toujours eu un appareil photo sur moi. Lorsque je suis arriv\u00e9 sur le chantier naval et que j\u2019ai vu ce qu’il s\u2019y passait, j\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre des photos, je n\u2019ai pas pu m\u2019arr\u00eater, j\u2019ai senti que c\u2019\u00e9tait important, qu\u2019il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire de pr\u00e9server ces moments… \u00bb<\/h6>\n

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Ao\u00fbt 1980. Les ouvriers du chantier naval de Gdansk entrent en gr\u00e8ve. Les premiers moments des manifestations sont immortalis\u00e9s par Leszek Biernacki, un jeune gar\u00e7on de 20 ans. Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9cole d\u2019art, il a toujours eu un appareil photo sur lui. Les photos qu\u2019il a prises au cours de la premi\u00e8re semaine de gr\u00e8ve seront envoy\u00e9es aux nouvellistes de Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot et d\u2019autres villes pour inspirer l\u2019espoir et encourager les gens \u00e0 protester.<\/p>\n

Les premiers jours de gr\u00e8ve\u2026<\/p>\n

Leszek Biernacki avec ses amis d\u2019une troupe th\u00e9\u00e2trale jouent au centre de la ville de Gdansk P<\/em>ulcinello<\/em>, th\u00e9\u00e2tre dell\u2019arte, et le spectacle Dragon<\/em>. Les foules y assistent. Biernacki cherche \u00e0 convaincre ses compagnons d\u2019aller vers le chantier naval et de jouer pour les ouvriers. Mais ses coll\u00e8gues de la troupe craignent des repr\u00e9sailles. Il se rend seul au chantier naval.<\/p>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Je suis all\u00e9 seul au chantier naval. \u00c0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e, deux drapeaux, celui de la Pologne et celui du Vatican, beaucoup de fleurs autour d\u2019un portrait de Jean-Paul II. L\u2019atmosph\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e\u00a0: comme un an auparavant, lors du premier p\u00e8lerinage du Pape en Pologne. Un haut-parleur annonce que la gr\u00e8ve se poursuit. Une croix de bois devant la porte. Les gardiens du chantier naval m\u2019ont vu prendre des photos et m\u2019ont invit\u00e9 \u00e0 entrer pour photographier la gr\u00e8ve. […] J\u2019ai re\u00e7u un laissez-passer permanent, je pouvais regarder partout, parler et prendre des photos. J\u2019ai travaill\u00e9 en \u00e9troite collaboration avec le comit\u00e9 de gr\u00e8ve du chantier naval, dont faisaient partie \u2013 bien que sporadiquement \u2013 Anna Walentynowicz et Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. Apr\u00e8s le p\u00e8lerinage du Pape en 1979, j\u2019ai achet\u00e9 un coffret de plusieurs CD contenant une s\u00e9lection de chants pontificaux et d\u2019hom\u00e9lies du premier p\u00e8lerinage. Je l\u2019ai apport\u00e9 au chantier naval. L\u2019ouvrier du chantier les a fait \u00e9couter de temps en temps par haut-parleur dans le hall du BHP. Le Pape n\u2019\u00e9tait donc pas seulement pr\u00e9sent sous la forme d\u2019un portrait sur la porte, mais il parlait aussi aux ouvriers. Pendant tout ce temps, je prenais des photos, je rentrais chez moi, je d\u00e9veloppais les n\u00e9gatifs, je les agrandissais dans la salle de bain o\u00f9 j\u2019avais install\u00e9 une chambre noire secr\u00e8te, et je les apportais aux gr\u00e9vistes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n


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Chantier naval de Gdansk, ao\u00fbt 1980<\/h6>\n

\u00a9 Leszek Biernacki<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1980-sierpien-AHP-SOLI-PH_033_OK.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1980-sierpien-253.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1980-sierpien-50.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IS_1980-sierpien-55a.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AHP-SOLI-PH_103_OK-scaled.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Samustio nserates doluptat itatquo quia aut officium re voloris ari des dus eicilit la delest, cusant<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AHP-SOLI-PH_050_OK.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AHP-SOLI-PH_029_OK.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Samustio nserates doluptat itatquo quia aut officium re voloris ari des dus eicilit la delest, cusant<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide use_bg_overlay=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh3″ header_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1980-sierpien-54.jpg\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbAnna Walentynowicz Titre espoirs \u00e9t\u00e9 1980″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_fade_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb motion_trigger_start=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb saved_tabs=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbRow\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Espoirs<\/span><\/h2>\n

L’\u00e9t\u00e9 1980<\/h4>\n

Tout commence avec Anna Walentynowicz\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019initiative de la gr\u00e8ve est prise par un petit groupe de travailleurs, 30 \u00e0 50 personnes qui, le matin du 14 ao\u00fbt 1980, lancent un appel \u00e0 une gr\u00e8ve de solidarit\u00e9 avec Anna Walentynowicz. Cette ouvri\u00e8re du chantier naval \u2013 elle y travaille depuis trente ans \u2013 a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e, juste avant sa retraite. C\u2019est une coll\u00e8gue appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e, une femme engag\u00e9e dans la lutte pour la formation de syndicats libres et pour l\u2019\u00e9rection d\u2019un monument comm\u00e9moratif en l\u2019honneur des victimes de la gr\u00e8ve de 1970, gr\u00e8ve qui avait \u00e9clat\u00e9 sur ce m\u00eame chantier naval L\u00e9nine de Gdansk, le 14 d\u00e9cembre 1970, et qui avait embras\u00e9 les villes voisines de la c\u00f4te baltique (Gdynia, Szczecin, Slupsk, Elblag) et avait \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9prim\u00e9e dans le sang par le r\u00e9gime communiste. Le nombre exact des victimes n\u2019\u00e9tait pas connu \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. De nombreuses familles n\u2019avaient pas retrouv\u00e9 les corps de leurs proches. Depuis lors, un appel avait \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 pour que soit \u00e9rig\u00e9 un monument \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des victimes de ce massacre.<\/p>\n

Anna Walentynowicz est une figure embl\u00e9matique de ces journ\u00e9es d\u2019ao\u00fbt o\u00f9 le chantier naval est en gr\u00e8ve. Elle inspire, elle soutient, elle mobilise tout au long pour continuer la gr\u00e8ve\u2026<\/p>\n

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global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTitre espoirs \u00e9t\u00e9 1980″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_fade_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb motion_trigger_start=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb saved_tabs=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb 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\u00ab\u00a0Nous renaissions en tant que peuple. Nous ressentions de l\u2019espoir, l\u2019espoir d\u2019\u00eatre dignes, d\u2019\u00eatre chez nous, d\u2019\u00eatre un h\u00f4te…. On dit que les gens, une fois qu\u2019ils ont referm\u00e9 la porte de leur maison, retrouvent leur intimit\u00e9 : le contact avec leur femme, leurs enfants, leurs livres. Beaucoup de gens veulent se retrouver, en utilisant la porte de leur maison pour former une s\u00e9paration avec la sph\u00e8re professionnelle, et ce qui est merveilleux dans cette gr\u00e8ve, c\u2019est que la sph\u00e8re professionnelle a acquis de la dignit\u00e9, de la noblesse et de la sublimit\u00e9, et qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait telle que …. il n\u2019est venu \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e de personne de claquer la porte et de partir.\u00a0\u00bb<\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb font_icon=\u00a0\u00bbP||divi||400″ icon_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FBFFEE\u00a0\u00bb content_max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbBouton +\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px|30px|100px|30px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb||50px||false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00a0\u00bb|15px||15px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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Tadeusz Knade, Kto tu wpusci\u0142 dziennikarzy?, Qui a laiss\u00e9 entrer les journalistes\u00a0 ici ?,<\/em> p. 246.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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AHP-SOLI-PH_029_OK\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb transform_rotate=\u00a0\u00bb0deg|0deg|-10deg\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_style=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2″ box_shadow_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(15,41,43,0.35)\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb vertical_offset=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb z_index=\u00a0\u00bb11″ scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_horizontal_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_horizontal_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-8|0|0″ scroll_rotating_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_rotating=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-20\u00b0|0|0″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image 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transform_rotate=\u00a0\u00bb0deg|0deg|-10deg\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_style=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2″ box_shadow_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(15,41,43,0.35)\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb vertical_offset=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb z_index=\u00a0\u00bb11″ scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_horizontal_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_horizontal_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-8|0|0″ scroll_rotating_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_rotating=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-20\u00b0|0|0″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1980-sierpien-119.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bb1980 sierpien – 119″ 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_module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb horizontal_offset=\u00a0\u00bb86px\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|2|0|0″ scroll_horizontal_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_horizontal_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-6|0|0″ scroll_rotating_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_rotating=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-10\u00b0|0|0″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Magdalena-Modzelewska-avec-micro-IS_1980-sierpien-74.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbMagdalena Modzelewska avec micro IS_1980 sierpien – 74″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb transform_rotate=\u00a0\u00bb0deg|0deg|-10deg\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_style=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2″ box_shadow_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(15,41,43,0.35)\u00a0\u00bb 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Symboles nationaux, symboles religieux, si omnipr\u00e9sents lors des gr\u00e8ves du mois d’ao\u00fbt. \u00c0 Gda\u0144sk, et dans d’autres villes. Pour donner forme \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e, ils utilisent des cat\u00e9gories historiques.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte manifestations\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb min_height=\u00a0\u00bb100vh\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbdisplay: flex;\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb800px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bb|600|||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

C\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des journalistes du monde entier, repr\u00e9sentant les plus grandes agences de presse, les radios et les t\u00e9l\u00e9visions du monde, que les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s occidentales ont d\u00e9couvert les ouvriers polonais en gr\u00e8ve au chantier naval de Gdansk. Et \u00e0 travers eux, elles ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir le monde vivant derri\u00e8re le rideau de fer.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Les gr\u00e8ves ouvri\u00e8res de Gdansk, dont les images ont \u00e9t\u00e9 diffus\u00e9es dans la presse et la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision occidentales, ont suscit\u00e9 de nombreuses r\u00e9actions positives et enthousiastes dans le monde entier. Les interpr\u00e9tations et les points de vue \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s divers.<\/p>\n

Claudio M\u00e9soniat et Maurizio Balestra suivirent les \u00e9v\u00e9nements depuis le Tessin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Entretien avec Claudio M\u00e9soniat, men\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a, 8 Septembre 2020, Massagno (Lugano).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Espoirs<\/span><\/h2>\n

Gen\u00e8se de la r\u00e9volte<\/h4>\n

\u00ab\u00a0On savait depuis longtemps qu’il allait se passer quelque chose. La situation dans le pays \u00e9tait tendue et les gens \u00e9taient frustr\u00e9s. Pas seulement les travailleurs, mais aussi les fonctionnaires du parti. En parcourant le pays et en entrant en contact avec diff\u00e9rents cercles, j’observais depuis des ann\u00e9es une amertume et un m\u00e9contentement croissants.\u00a0\u00bb<\/h6>\n

Wojciech Adamiecki<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nous en avons assez !<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

La grande vague de gr\u00e8ves, qui a atteint son apog\u00e9e \u00e0 Gdansk, fortement m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e en Occident, et qui est entr\u00e9e dans l\u2019histoire comme moment d\u2019\u00e9mergence de Solidarnosc<\/em>, n\u2019a pas commenc\u00e9 sur le littoral baltique. Les gr\u00e8ves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clench\u00e9es en juillet 1980 dans la r\u00e9gion de Lublin, dans l\u2019est de la Pologne. Dans ces gr\u00e8ves, n\u00e9es de l\u2019augmentation du prix de la viande, l\u2019accent \u00e9tait mis principalement sur les revendications salariales en raison de la situation \u00e9conomique dramatique : inflation, p\u00e9nuries, en particulier de viande, mais aussi de nombreux autres produits.<\/p>\n

Dans une situation o\u00f9 le seul employeur \u00e9tait l\u2019\u00c9tat, les entreprises priv\u00e9es \u00e9tant pratiquement inexistantes, les travailleurs, les ouvriers d\u2019usine, ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de se rebeller contre l\u2019\u00c9tat, propri\u00e9taire de la plupart des usines, et ont exig\u00e9 des augmentations salariales.<\/p>\n

Ces premi\u00e8res gr\u00e8ves de juillet se sont \u00e9tendues \u00e0 d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions de Pologne, mais c\u2019est le chantier naval de Gdansk qui a cristallis\u00e9 ce mouvement contestataire.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb font_icon=\u00a0\u00bbP||divi||400″ icon_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FBFFEE\u00a0\u00bb content_max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbBouton +\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px|30px|100px|30px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb||50px||false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00a0\u00bb|15px||15px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Wojciech Adamiecki, Kto tu wpu\u015bci\u0142 dziennikarzy?, p. 86.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbEntretien BOhdan Gorski\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbnoise entretien\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#dcdace\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-2|0|0″ scroll_fade=\u00a0\u00bb0|22|22|100|0|100|100″ motion_trigger_start=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb gutter_width=\u00a0\u00bb2″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbRow\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb94%\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb1400px\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbdisplay: flex;||align-items:center;||flex-wrap: wrap;\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text module_class=\u00a0\u00bbentretien\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_3_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_4_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_5_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|tablet\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Entretien avec Bohdan G\u00f3rski<\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|0px||0px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbtext-align: center;\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gorski0_MONO-600×600.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbGorski0_MONO\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage ratio carr\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbtext-align: center;\u00a0\u00bb border_radii=\u00a0\u00bbon|100%|100%|100%|100%\u00a0\u00bb border_width_all=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_all=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_4_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ text_orientation_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|tablet\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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\u00abLa situation \u00e9conomique de la Pologne est tragique au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980<\/em><\/strong><\/span>…\u00bb <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsituation \u00e9conomique\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb800px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_2_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_3_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_4_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_5_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ header_6_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Bohdan G\u00f3rski, \u00e9conomiste et expert des pays du Bloc sovi\u00e9tique, suivait de pr\u00e8s les \u00e9v\u00e9nements en Pologne depuis son exil en Suisse. Il exprime le paradoxe du syst\u00e8me communiste.<\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/QD-0rJjVYTk\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbbohdan gorski Video\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_video src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/k0r551keJQE\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0A la fronti\u00e8re suisse, un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 arrive. Le premier r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 est un chat.\u00a0 Les Suisses lui r\u00e9pondent :<\/span><\/h6>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0– Mais, le chat, qu\u2019est-ce que tu fais ici ? Tu peux chasser les souris partout !<\/span>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0– Non, je ne peux pas.<\/span>
– Mais pourquoi ? lui demandent les Suisses.<\/span>
– Parce qu\u2019il y a maintenant des lois. Les chats ne peuvent plus chasser eux-m\u00eames. Ils doivent faire partie d\u2019une coop\u00e9rative pour pouvoir chasser les souris. Mais les chats qui \u00e9taient dans ces coop\u00e9ratives sont morts de faim, car les coop\u00e9ratives n\u2019ont jamais rien fait. Il y a trop de souris, mais le Parti ne veut rien faire. C\u2019est pour ces raisons que je demande l\u2019asile.<\/span>
– Bien s\u00fbr, bien s\u00fbr\u2026 entre.
Et le chat obtient l\u2019asile.<\/span><\/h6>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n
Un deuxi\u00e8me r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 se pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re. C\u2019est un chien. Les Suisses lui demandent\u00a0:<\/span><\/h6>\n
– Mais le chien, que fais-tu ici ?<\/span>
– Je suis en danger, r\u00e9pond le chien.<\/span>
– Mais comment ? Tu peux aboyer partout !<\/span>
– Non, maintenant, les chiens ne peuvent plus qu\u2019aboyer dans le cadre du Parti et uniquement si le Parti le demande. Et moi, si je ne peux pas aboyer librement, c\u2019est comme si j\u2019\u00e9tais mort. Je suis donc parti.<\/span>
– Bon, alors entre.
Et le chien obtient l’asile.\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vient encore un troisi\u00e8me r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. C\u2019est un lapin. Les Suisses lui demandent\u00a0:<\/span><\/h6>\n
– Mais enfin lapin, pourquoi viens-tu ici ?<\/span>
– Je suis en danger.<\/span>
– Ah bon ? En danger ?<\/span>
– Oui, il y a une nouvelle loi qui stipule que tous les \u00e9l\u00e9phants doivent \u00eatre castr\u00e9s.<\/span>
– Oui, mais tu n\u2019es pas un \u00e9l\u00e9phant !<\/span>
– En effet, mais ils te prennent, te castrent et seulement apr\u00e8s tu peux prouver que tu n\u2019es pas un \u00e9l\u00e9phant !\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h6>\n

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Entretien avec Bohdan G\u00f3rski<\/span>, men\u00e9 par par Renata Lata\u0142a, 22 Juin 2020, Villars-sur-Gl\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Il y avait la conviction que cette naton – \u00e9touff\u00e9e, \u00e9cras\u00e9e, priv\u00e9e de voix, priv\u00e9e de la possiblit\u00e9 de se r\u00e9aliser – allait exploser. Il y avait des visions de massacres sanglants, de repr\u00e9sailles extr\u00eames. On \u00e9tait convaincu que la direction du Parti avait depuis longtemps d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les limites de la r\u00e9sistance psychologique de la population et que, celle-ci n’\u00e9tant pas organis\u00e9e, elle r\u00e9agirait de mani\u00e8re chaotique. Il s’agissait de visions catastrophiques, apocalyptiques. Ces visions d\u00e9coulaient du fait que les autorit\u00e9s avaient r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 provoquer une tr\u00e8s forte atomisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, qu’avec l’aide la propagande, avec toutes les pseudo-valeurs diffus\u00e9es dans les m\u00e9dias de masse, elles avaient r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une m\u00e9fiance de l’homme vis-\u00e0-vis de l’homme, des dissenssions internes, mais aussi une d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration de la structure \u00e9tablie, qu’il s’agisse de couches, de classes, de groupes, …\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ref. Ryszard Kapuscinski, Kto tu wpu\u015bci\u0142 dziennikarzy?, p. 15.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Visite pontificale de Jean-Paul II en Pologne<\/h2>\n

\u00ab N\u2019ayez pas peur… \u00bb<\/em><\/h4>\n

Le premier p\u00e8lerinage de Jean-Paul II en Pologne, en juin 1979, permet, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, d\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter un lien \u00e9thique dans l\u2019espace public, en r\u00e9unissant autour de lui une grande partie de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.
Les valeurs telles que la dignit\u00e9 de l\u2019homme, la dignit\u00e9 du travail, l\u2019importance de la communaut\u00e9 sont mis en avant dans le discours de Jean-Paul II. Ces paroles, sa pr\u00e9sence, donnent de l\u2019espoir \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9puis\u00e9e, mat\u00e9riellement et moralement, dans le contexte d\u2019une crise \u00e9conomique et psychologique.<\/p>\n

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Evelest, que sendi optas incia dita pro evendi aute excestrum quiae cum fugit officae ctiisitis comnis audam fuga. Ilicid maximolorpos veresto consequatur sus aut ulla dolorro vendelist, ut ad magnis conesciet faccum aceped est, corerovit. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Union<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Ce portail ne divisait pas, mais unissait les gens…\u00a0\u00bb<\/h3>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ce portail ne divisait pas, mais unissait les gens. D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, les ouvriers des chantiers navals, de l\u2019autre, la ville. Les maris d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, les femmes et les enfants de l\u2019autre. Les gr\u00e9vistes sortaient devant le portail, saluaient leurs enfants, souvent tout petits, dans des landaus. Les femmes demandaient devant tout le monde d\u2019une voix inqui\u00e8te : \u00ab Quand est-ce que tu rentres ? \u00bb Et eux : \u00ab Quand est-ce que nous rentrons ? Eh bien, tu sais, on sait pas quand on rentrera. On attend qu\u2019ils viennent nous parler. \u00bb On sentait que derri\u00e8re ce portail, il y avait un monde compl\u00e8tement diff\u00e9rent, qu\u2019il y avait des lois diff\u00e9rentes. C\u2019est tout \u00e0 fait indescriptible. Je suis rest\u00e9 l\u00e0 et j\u2019ai observ\u00e9. Je me retrouvais \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re d\u2019un autre monde.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

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R\u00e9f. : Wojciech Adamiecki, Qui a laiss\u00e9 entrer les journalistes ?,<\/em> p. 86<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Comit\u00e9 de gr\u00e8ve inter-entreprises, est cr\u00e9\u00e9 le 16 ao\u00fbt, avec 19 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentant 388 entreprises. Les tentatives faites par les autorit\u00e9s pour n\u00e9gocier avec diff\u00e9rentes entreprises s\u00e9par\u00e9ment,\u00a0 pour briser la solidarit\u00e9 entre les travailleurs, n\u2019aboutissent pas. Les d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s formulent\u00a0 la liste de leur 21 postulats. Le premier est la revendication d\u2019un syndicat libre.<\/p>\n

La mobilisation ne cesse de se renforcer dans tout le pays et embrasse tous les milieux.<\/p>\n

Les intellectuelles expriment leur soutien \u00e0 la cause des ouvriers. Les militants d\u2019opposition se regroupent autour du KOR\u00a0et du RAPCIO.<\/p>\n

Le 20 ao\u00fbt, soixante-deux intellectuels de Varsovie, nombre d\u2019entre eux \u00e9tant de r\u00e9putation internationale, certains membres du Parti Communiste, lancent un appel en faveur des syndicats libres et demandent la reconnaissance du MKS.<\/p>\n

Un groupe d\u2019intellectuels de toutes tendances vient au chantier le 24 ao\u00fbt. Il formera une \u00ab\u00a0commission d\u2019experts\u00a0\u00bb qui assistera le Comit\u00e9 de gr\u00e8ve pour pr\u00e9parer les dossiers en vue des n\u00e9gociations.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1980-sierpien-121.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bb1980 sierpien – 121″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb transform_rotate=\u00a0\u00bb0deg|0deg|-10deg\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_style=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2″ box_shadow_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(15,41,43,0.35)\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb vertical_offset=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb z_index=\u00a0\u00bb11″ scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_horizontal_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_horizontal_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|-8|0|0″ scroll_rotating_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb 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title_text=\u00a0\u00bb1980 sierpien – 99″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb transform_rotate=\u00a0\u00bb0deg|0deg|10deg\u00a0\u00bb z_index=\u00a0\u00bb0″ box_shadow_style=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2″ box_shadow_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(15,41,43,0.35)\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb vertical_offset=\u00a0\u00bb-30px\u00a0\u00bb horizontal_offset=\u00a0\u00bb-110px\u00a0\u00bb horizontal_offset_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb horizontal_offset_phone=\u00a0\u00bb-110px\u00a0\u00bb horizontal_offset_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|tablet\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_horizontal_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_horizontal_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_rotating_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_rotating=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|30\u00b0|0|0″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IS_1980-sierpien-146.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbIS_1980 sierpien – 146″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb transform_rotate=\u00a0\u00bb0deg|0deg|-9deg\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_style=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2″ box_shadow_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(15,41,43,0.35)\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTitre espoirs \u00e9t\u00e9 1980″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ scroll_fade_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb motion_trigger_start=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb saved_tabs=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbRow\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Espoirs<\/span><\/h2>\n

23-30 ao\u00fbt<\/h4>\n

Ouverture des n\u00e9gociations entre gouvernement et gr\u00e9vistes\u00a0: mille d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s sont pr\u00e9sents qui repr\u00e9sentent six cent entreprises.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Dans la salle du chantier L\u00e9nine, les n\u00e9gociateurs du gouvernement se tiennent sous la statue de L\u00e9nine, ceux de Solidarit\u00e9 sous une croix, entre les deux, un aigle de Pologne.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le Bulletin d\u2019information des gr\u00e9vistes, sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0Solidarit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9dit\u00e9 \u00e0 40.000 exemplaires, relate jour apr\u00e8s jour le d\u00e9roul\u00e9 des n\u00e9gociations.<\/p>\n

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Tadeusz Knade, Kto tu wpusci\u0142 dziennikarzy?, Qui a laiss\u00e9 entrer les journalistes\u00a0 ici ?,<\/em> p. 246.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ENTRETIEN AVEC RUTH DREIFUSS
<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Entretien avec Ruth Dreifuss men\u00e9 par Renata Latala,\u00a0 le 13 d\u00e9cembre 2022, Gen\u00e8ve<\/p>\n

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T\u00e9moignage du graphiste qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le logo<\/h2>\n

La conception graphique du logo \u00ab\u00a0Solidarnosc\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 est l’\u0153uvre de Jerzy Janiszewski.\u00a0 L\u2019artiste a offert le logo – comme un cadeau – au Comit\u00e9 inter-entreprises, dans\u00a0 un premier temps, puis au syndicat.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9cit de la r\u00e9alisation de l’id\u00e9e par Jerzy Janiszewski\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0D\u00e8s les premiers jours de la gr\u00e8ve, je restais devant les grilles du chantier naval. C’\u00e9tait une grande exp\u00e9rience. C’\u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re fois que j’assistais \u00e0 de tels \u00e9v\u00e9nements. J’ai vu comment la solidarit\u00e9 s’est \u00e9tablie entre les gens, comment un mouvement social est n\u00e9 et comment les institutions se sont jointes \u00e0 ce courant. Tout cela a eu un fort impact sur ma psychique. Je voulais passer de l’autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 du portail. \u00c0 l’ext\u00e9rieur, il n’y avait que des messages laconiques. Je voulais aider les travailleurs des chantiers navals d’une mani\u00e8re ou d’une autre. J’ai r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 obtenir un laissez-passer.\u00a0 (…) Je voulais cr\u00e9er un symbole, un signe expressif avec lequel je pourrais leur montrer mon soutien, prouver notre lien avec eux. (…)<\/p>\n

J’ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 penser au slogan. Il y en avait tellement sur les murs… Ils r\u00e9p\u00e9taient le mot \u00ab\u00a0solidarit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb… C’\u00e9tait aussi le titre du Bulletin de gr\u00e8ve. J’ai choisi ce mot parce qu’il \u00e9tait le plus difficile de d\u00e9crire ce qui arrivait aux gens. Je ne me souviens pas exactement du moment o\u00f9 l’id\u00e9e de la forme graphique de l’inscription m’est venue. (…) Le concept \u00e9tait bas\u00e9 sur une similitude : comme les gens dans une foule serr\u00e9e se soutiennent les uns les autres par solidarit\u00e9, ce qui \u00e9tait caract\u00e9ristique de la foule \u00e0 la porte, ceux qui \u00e9taient debout ne se poussaient pas, ne se repoussaient pas, mais se soutenaient les uns les autres – ainsi, les lettres du mot devraient \u00e9galement se soutenir les unes les autres, ne pas \u00eatre s\u00e9par\u00e9es ou s’attaquer les unes les autres. J’ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 me d\u00e9p\u00eacher. Je voulais terminer l’id\u00e9e en d\u00e9tail avant l’arriv\u00e9e de la commission gouvernementale, pour qu’elle aussi puisse sentir que c’\u00e9tait le cas. Finalement, j’ai combin\u00e9 les lettres. J’ai \u00e9galement ajout\u00e9 le drapeau, car j’\u00e9tais consciente que le probl\u00e8me n’\u00e9tait plus seulement environnemental, mais g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, qu’il s’agissait d’un mouvement de masse, et que notre drapeau devait donc flotter au-dessus. Les lettres ont un aspect nettement \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9glig\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, mais c’est ce qui fait leur force. C’est ainsi qu’elles \u00e9taient \u00e9crites sur les murs et cette forme \u00e9tait la plus communicative dans cette situation particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

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Le mouvement est n\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Les accords portant sur les 21 postulats sont sign\u00e9s \u00e0 Szczecin le 30 ao\u00fbt, \u00e0 Gdansk le 31 ao\u00fbt et \u00e0 Jastrzebie (en Sil\u00e9sie) le 3 septembre, mettant fin \u00e0 la gr\u00e8ve g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, ouvrant la voie \u00e0 la naissance du syndicat autonome Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em>, ind\u00e9pendant du pouvoir.<\/h4>\n

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Des journalistes, des photographes et des observateurs \u00e9trangers se trouvent \u00e0 Gdansk en ces jours mouvement\u00e9s du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt pour rendre compte des \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui se d\u00e9roulent sur le chantier naval de Gdansk. Ils ne se contentent pas d\u2019assister aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements, ils y contribuent \u00e9galement. Leurs reportages, articles et photographies contribuent \u00e0 la diffusion d\u2019informations concernant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de Pologne, leur signification et leur contexte g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n

La conclusion des Accords d\u2019ao\u00fbt et la cr\u00e9ation du syndicat Solidarno<\/em>\u015b\u0107<\/em> sont devenues un \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9v\u00e9nement m\u00e9diatique mondial \u00bb.<\/p>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em> c\u2019est une communaut\u00e9 de gens de bonne volont\u00e9, qui se cr\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re spontan\u00e9e, par une solidarit\u00e9 plus profonde, celle des consciences.\u00bb <\/span><\/h4>\n

\u00ab La solidarit\u00e9 est toujours une solidarit\u00e9 autour d\u2019un certain dialogue.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

J\u00f3zef Tischner, Etyka Solidarno<\/em>\u015b<\/em>ci<\/em><\/p>\n

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Le mouvement Solidarnosc<\/em> unit des groupes sociaux qui vivaient jusqu\u2019alors s\u00e9par\u00e9s\u00a0: des ouvriers, des intellectuels, mais aussi des agriculteurs, des \u00e9tudiants. Tous ces milieux fonctionnaient auparavant s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, ce que l\u2019on a vu lors des r\u00e9voltes de 1956, 1968 ou 1970.<\/p>\n

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Entretien de Bohdan G\u00f3rski<\/span>\u00a0r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a, 22 Juin<\/span> 2020, Villars-sur-Gl\u00e2ne<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Congr\u00e8s de Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

5 – 10 septembre \u00a0\/\u00a0\u00a0 26 septembre – 7 octobre <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbCongr\u00e8s de Solidarnosc \/ Texte \u00e0 droite (fond bleu)\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/exhibition.solidarity1980.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Premier-congres.jpg\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb min_height=\u00a0\u00bb100vh\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbdisplay: flex;||flex-direction: column;\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbflex: 1;||display: flex;||align-items: flex-end;\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbmin-height: 300px;\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ module_class=\u00a0\u00bbnoise\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#31666c\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb40px|40px|40px|40px|true|true\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbmin-height: 50vh;\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Premier Congr\u00e8s de Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00bb Les d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s ont \u00e9videmment appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 qu’il s’agissait de bien plus qu’un congr\u00e8s syndical : c’\u00e9tait un rassemblement patriotique, un parlement alternatif sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent dans le bloc sovi\u00e9tique, une Assembl\u00e9e nationale – et pas seulement du Tiers Etat. Comme on pouvait s’y attendre, la politique symbolique de cette Assembl\u00e9e nationale polonaise a \u00e9t\u00e9 superbe. A partir du moment o\u00f9 le tableau d’affichage \u00e9lectronique s’est illumin\u00e9 avec le signe de la croix et les mots \u00ab\u00a0Polonia semper fidelis\u00a0\u00bb, tandis que Walesa se levait pour entonner une fois de plus \u00ab\u00a0La Pologne n’est pas encore perdue…\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0Dieu qui prot\u00e8ge la Pologne…\u00a0\u00bb, la salle de sport Olivia, habituellement d\u00e9nu\u00e9e d’\u00e2me s’est remplie de l’esprit des martyrs de la nation. Aucune occasion n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 manqu\u00e9e pour d\u00e9montrer qu’ici se trouvaient les v\u00e9ritables h\u00e9ritiers de la grande tradition des id\u00e9aux polonais, de l’autre, de la vraie Pologne populaire, dont l’histoire est rem\u00e9mor\u00e9e par mois. \u00ab\u00a0<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb font_icon=\u00a0\u00bbP||divi||400″ icon_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FBFFEE\u00a0\u00bb content_max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbBouton +\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px|30px|100px|30px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb||50px||false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00a0\u00bb|15px||15px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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Timothy Ash,\u00a0The Polish Revolution: Solidarity<\/em>, Penguin Books (1983), 1999, p. 217. <\/span><\/p>\n

Photo : <\/span>Leszek Biernacki<\/span>, 1981.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte manifestations\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb min_height=\u00a0\u00bb100vh\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion_enable=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbdisplay: flex;\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb800px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bb|600|||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]Le syndicat Solidarno\u015b\u0107, fond\u00e9 en Pologne en 1980, devient un mouvement \u00e0 port\u00e9e politique, revendiquant l\u2019id\u00e9e de solidarit\u00e9 nationale. Il r\u00e9unit des personnes ayant des points de vue diff\u00e9rents, mais toutes anim\u00e9es par la conviction qu\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire de d\u00e9fendre des valeurs fondamentales, dont une grande partie sont inspir\u00e9es des droits de l\u2019Homme. N\u00e9e au contact de la pens\u00e9e socialiste, de tradition nationale et ouvri\u00e8re, l\u2019id\u00e9e de solidarit\u00e9 dont le syndicat Solidarno\u015b\u0107 se veut porteur puise aussi ses racines dans l\u2019\u00e9thique chr\u00e9tienne. Avec ses 10.000 adh\u00e9rents issus de tous les milieux, le syndicat Solidarno\u015b\u0107 aspire \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un nouveau consensus social.<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbdiaporama\u00a0\u00bb module_class=\u00a0\u00bbnoise\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_enable_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px||true|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px||true|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbbackground-color: #dcdace !important;\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb saved_tabs=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb 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Les tracts tombent du Ciel\u2026<\/span><\/h2>\n

La propagande du gouvernement communiste a tent\u00e9 de faire des syndicalistes de Solidarno<\/em>\u015b\u0107<\/em> des ennemis de la nation, en les accusant d\u2019anarchie, de politique inadapt\u00e9e visant \u00e0 l\u2019auto-destruction de la Pologne. Avec la police, les m\u00e9dias, la presse et la censure entre ses mains, le pouvoir disposait de moyens pour manipuler l\u2019opinion afin de diviser la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et discr\u00e9diter les actions du syndicat ind\u00e9pendant Solidarno<\/em>\u015b\u0107<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Solidarno<\/em>\u015b\u0107<\/em> a d\u00fb lutter en permanence contre les attaques et les manipulations, afin de ne pas perdre le lien avec la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans son ensemble. Les tracts, bulletins et imprim\u00e9s publi\u00e9s par les structures locales et r\u00e9gionales du syndicat Solidarno<\/em>\u015b\u0107<\/em> apportaient des informations sur la situation dans le pays et permettaient de maintenir les liens. Ils informaient sur les rassemblements, les gr\u00e8ves, les manifestations, les marches de la faim, ainsi que sur les r\u00e9pressions du gouvernement contre les syndicalistes et l\u2019opposition.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em> est un large mouvement, tr\u00e8s diversifi\u00e9, se basant sur un consensus de valeurs \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre, acceptant pour le reste les diff\u00e9rences d\u2019opinons, les disputes de doctrines, les divergences de convictions.<\/p>\n

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Par-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res<\/h2>\n

Le mouvement Solidarno\u015b\u0107 \u00e9veilla un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat dans l\u2019opinion publique internationale. L\u2019attitude face \u00e0 ce mouvement syndical ainsi que la perception du contexte polonais ne fut pas uniforme, provoquant souvent des r\u00e9actions diff\u00e9rentes. Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em> fascina. Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em> questionna. Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em> inqui\u00e9ta\u2026<\/p>\n

Au contraire de la politique r\u00e9serv\u00e9e et prudente de la majorit\u00e9 des gouvernements occidentaux et m\u00eame \u00e0 la m\u00e9fiance de certains milieux politiques, craignant la d\u00e9stabilisation de la situation dans le bloc de l\u2019Est, Solidarno\u015b\u0107 \u00e9tant per\u00e7u comme une menace pour l\u2019avancement du processus de d\u00e9tente, pouvant conduire \u00e0 une escalade du conflit Est-Ouest, l\u2019on observe un enthousiasme en faveur de Solidarno\u015b\u0107 au sein des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s occidentales.<\/p>\n

De par sa m\u00e9diatisation, l\u2019\u00ab exp\u00e9rience polonaise \u00bb, qui ouvre de nouveaux \u00ab horizons d\u2019attente et d\u2019espoir \u00bb, \u00e9veille une attention accrue pour un pays de cette \u00ab autre l\u2019Europe \u00bb, jusqu\u2019alors peu connue ou per\u00e7ue comme p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique, situ\u00e9e derri\u00e8re le rideau de fer. Des liens interhumains se cr\u00e9ent, qui transgressent les fronti\u00e8res et brisent les murs (et plus concr\u00e8tement le Mur) qui s\u00e9parent les individus et les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Entretien de Clive Loertscher<\/span><\/h3>\n

Enseignant et syndicaliste<\/p>\n

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\u00ab L’espoir \u00e9tait immense… \u00bb <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Dans<\/span> la Solidarit\u00e9, d\u2019abord c\u2019\u00e9tait le nom que j\u2019ai trouv\u00e9 tr\u00e8s beau (\u2026).\u00a0 C\u2019\u00e9tait l\u2019espoir pour <\/span>l\u2019Europe\u00a0 parce<\/span> que on \u00e9tait encore \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode de deux <\/span>blocs\u00a0 (<\/span>\u2026) \u00e7a sortait de cette <\/span>oposition<\/span> Am\u00e9rique \u2013 Union Sovi\u00e9tique, ou Bloc de l\u2019Est \u2013 Bloc de <\/span>l\u2019Ouest\u00a0 (<\/span>\u2026 )<\/span> cela donnait <\/span>l\u2019impression\u00a0 qu\u2019il<\/span> avait une voie autre pour l\u2019Europe qui voulait se r\u00e9unifier\u2026 donc cet espoir \u00e9tait immense<\/span>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Entretien avec Clive <\/span>Loertscher<\/span> men\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a, 10 <\/span>Septembre<\/span> 2020, Grandvaux.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Entretien avec Ruth Dreifuss<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u00abIl y avait des tentatives d\u2019instrumentalisation du mouvement par divers milieux en Suisse\u2026 \u00bb <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Entretien avec Ruth Dreifuss, men\u00e9 par Renata Latala, le 23 Novembre 2020, Gen\u00e8ve.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u200b<\/p>\n

De Suisse en Pologne<\/h2>\n

D\u00e8s ao\u00fbt 1980, plusieurs groupes et milieux de tendances politiques divergentes se mobilisent en Suisse en faveur du mouvement. Certaines actions ont un caract\u00e8re spontan\u00e9, d\u2019autres prennent des formes plus organis\u00e9es, souvent dans le sillage du mouvement socialiste ou syndical.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s la signature des accords de Gdansk, puis la fondation du syndicat libre polonais, se cr\u00e9ent un peu partout en Europe occidentale ainsi que dans certains pays extra-europ\u00e9ens (Australie, \u00c9tats-Unis, Mexique) des comit\u00e9s de soutien \u00e0 Solidarno\u015b\u0107. \u00c0 l\u2019origine de ces initiatives se trouvent des individus et divers groupes : \u00e9migr\u00e9s polonais, souvent de la deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, milieux intellectuels, cercles catholiques, militants politiques ou syndicaux.<\/p>\n

Dans plusieurs pays, ce mouvement s\u2019appuie sur des comit\u00e9s ou organisations d\u00e9j\u00e0 fond\u00e9s dans les ann\u00e9es 1970 pour soutenir l\u2019opposition d\u00e9mocratique en Pologne ou dans d\u2019autres pays de l\u2019Europe Centrale et orientale, de ce que l\u2019on d\u00e9finissait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque comme \u00e9tant le Bloc de l\u2019Est. C\u2019est notamment le cas en Suisse. L\u2019un de ces comit\u00e9s de soutien est cr\u00e9\u00e9 en Suisse Romande (Gen\u00e8ve, Lausanne, Jura) dans le sillage du Comit\u00e9 de solidarit\u00e9 socialiste avec les opposants des pays de l\u2019Est (CSSOPE)<\/a>. Les militants du CSSOPE, d\u00e8s ao\u00fbt 1980, s\u2019engagent dans le soutien au syndicat Solidarno\u015b\u0107 par des campagnes d\u2019informations et en r\u00e9coltant de l\u2019argent.<\/p>\n

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\u200bEntretien avec Clive Loertscher<\/span><\/h2>\n

Parmi ceux qui se sont engag\u00e9s d\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res heures dans le soutien \u00e0 Solidarno\u015b\u0107, l\u2019on compte Clive Loertscher, enseignant et syndicaliste vaudois.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Entretien avec Clive <\/span>Loertscher<\/span> men\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a,10 <\/span>Septembre<\/span> 2020, Grandvaux.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9f. : Le Courier, 10.03.1981.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Entretien avec Marcel Gerber
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\u00abUne r\u00e9volution\u00a0 \u00bb <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Visite des syndicalistes suisses en Pologne, Film\u00e9 par Marcer Gerber, Fonds priv\u00e9 Marcel Gerber<\/p>\n

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Syndicalistes suisses en Pologne<\/span><\/h2>\n

Solidarno\u015b\u0107, en tant que syndicat ind\u00e9pendant, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00ab un vrai syndicalisme autog\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00bb, intervenant au nom de ses membres pour d\u00e9fendre leurs droits \u00e9conomiques, mais qui n\u2019aspire ni au pouvoir ni ne se dresse contre l\u2019ordre constitutionnel, \u00e9veille l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat en particulier au sein du mouvement syndical suisse, des milieux socialisants ou trotskistes. Dans cette vague d\u2019enthousiasme pour Solidarno\u015b\u0107, plusieurs syndicalistes suisses partent en Pologne pour visiter des entreprises et rencontrer les membres de Solidarno\u015b\u0107.
L\u2019une de ces visites est effectu\u00e9e par les militants trotskistes et syndicalistes du CSSOPE. Accueillis par le Solidarno\u015b\u0107 de la Basse-Sil\u00e9sie et de la Mazovie, ils visitent, entre le 11 et 20 avril 1981, des entreprises \u00e0 Wroclaw et Varsovie et rencontrent les membres du syndicat de ces deux r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

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Entretien avec Clive Loertscher<\/h2>\n

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[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/mM2a0FVKM7o\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb font_icon=\u00a0\u00bbP||divi||400″ icon_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FBFFEE\u00a0\u00bb content_max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbBouton +\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px|30px|100px|30px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb||50px||false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00a0\u00bb|15px||15px|false|true\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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Entretien avec Clive <\/span>Loertscher<\/span> men\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a, 10 <\/span>Septembre<\/span> 2020, Grandvaux<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTitre manifestations\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.24.2″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00a0\u00bb min_height=\u00a0\u00bb100vh\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00a0\u00bb0|50|50|100|4|0|0″ motion_trigger_start=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00a0\u00bbdisplay: flex;\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb saved_tabs=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbRow\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbD\u00e9l\u00e9gation de Solidarnosc en Suisse\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

D\u00e9l\u00e9gation de Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/span> <\/span> en Suisse<\/span><\/h3>\n

En mai 1981, le Groupe syndical de coordination Solidarno\u015b\u0107 est cr\u00e9e par les syndicalistes suisses au retour de leur voyage en Pologne. Leur but est d\u2019inviter une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation du syndicat polonais en Suisse. L\u2019objectif est d\u2019une part de cr\u00e9er des contacts directs et durables entre les groupes syndicaux polonais et suisse et d\u2019\u00e9changer des informations au niveau des entreprises, et, de l\u2019autre, par la pr\u00e9sence des membres de Solidarno\u015b\u0107 en Suisse, de faire connaitre sa cause et ainsi de soutenir le syndicat polonais. <\/span>Tout un programme de manifestations publiques, de rencontres, de conf\u00e9rences, de visites d\u2019entreprises est ainsi pr\u00e9vu. La visite est organis\u00e9e avec le soutien de l\u2019Union des syndicats suisses \/ Scheizerischer Gewerkschaftsubn (SGP) et de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration des syndicats chr\u00e9tiens \/ Christlichnationaler Gewerkschaftsbund (CNG). Elle se d\u00e9roule en Suisse du 29 novembre au 13 d\u00e9cembre 1981.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Entretien avec Clive Loertscher<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Entretien avec Clive <\/span>Loertscher<\/span> men\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a,10 <\/span>Septembre<\/span> 2020, Grandvaux.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Le 29 novembre 1981, arrive en Suisse une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation officielle de <\/span><\/span>Solidarno<\/span>\u015b\u0107<\/span><\/span>, constitu\u00e9e de 13 membres (dont la traductrice). Issus de diverses r\u00e9gions de Pologne, les membres de la D\u00e9l\u00e9gation repr\u00e9sentent \u00e9galement divers corps de m\u00e9tiers.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Krzysztof Podolczy<\/strong>\u0144<\/strong>ski <\/strong><\/p>\n

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Boles<\/strong>\u0142<\/strong>aw Franaszek <\/strong><\/p>\n

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Maria Nowak<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ing\u00e9nieure chimiste, membre de Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em> \u00e0 Varsovie<\/p>\n

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Jerzy Gr<\/strong>\u0119<\/strong>bski<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e9decin anesth\u00e9siste, membre du syndicat Solidarno\u015b\u0107\u00a0 <\/em>de Varsovie<\/p>\n

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Entretien avec
Maria Nowak-Gr\u0119bska<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u00ab Cela \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s important pour nous aussi, et nous \u00e9tions tr\u00e8s fiers de pouvoir b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une aide aussi professionnelle.\u00a0\u00bb<\/h6>\n

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Lors de son s\u00e9jour en Suisse, la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de Solidarnosc a \u00e9t\u00e9 partag\u00e9e en deux groupes. Une partie des syndicalistes polonais a visit\u00e9 la Romandie, l\u2019autre la Suisse Al\u00e9manique. Le programme pr\u00e9par\u00e9 par la coordination nationale des syndicalistes suisses pr\u00e9voyait toute une s\u00e9rie de rencontres, de d\u00e9bats et de discussions en pr\u00e9sence de syndicalistes, de repr\u00e9sentants de collectivit\u00e9s locales et d\u2019habitants de la r\u00e9gion. Parmi les points forts figuraient des visites d\u2019entreprises et d\u2019usines \u00e0 B\u00e2le, Zoug, Bienne, etc., qui leur ont permis de rencontrer des syndicalistes, des employ\u00e9s et des cadres dirigeants. Ces \u00e9changes au sein des entreprises ont souvent constitu\u00e9 l\u2019occasion de solliciter de l\u2019aide mat\u00e9rielle ou du support technique pour diverses branches de l\u2019industrie polonaise.<\/p>\n

Maria Nowak fait partie du groupe de la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de Solidarnosc qui s\u2019est rendue en Suisse Al\u00e9manique. Le groupe a \u00e9t\u00e9 accueilli au sein de l\u2019entreprise pharmaceutique <\/span>Sandoz, \u00e0 B\u00e2le. Maria Nowak souligne l\u2019importance de cette visite :<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cette visite a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s constructive. Nous avons parl\u00e9 du fait qu\u2019il y avait [en Pologne] une p\u00e9nurie\u00a0 de nombreux m\u00e9dicaments de base et de produits interm\u00e9diaires. Sandoz s\u2019est engag\u00e9 \u00e0 aider la Pologne, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l\u2019industrie pharmaceutique, et en particulier l\u2019usine de Varsovie, qui avait une petite activit\u00e9 de synth\u00e8se chimique en plus du conditionnement des m\u00e9dicaments. Sandoz a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019apporter son assistance et d\u2019envoyer gratuitement \u00e0 la Pologne, \u00e0 hauteur de 500\u00a0000\u00a0francs, les produits interm\u00e9diaires les plus n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la synth\u00e8se chimique et aux m\u00e9dicaments, des produits dont manquaient tous les groupes en Pologne. Cela \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s important pour nous aussi, et nous \u00e9tions tr\u00e8s fiers de pouvoir b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une aide aussi professionnelle.\u00a0 Parmi les nombreuses entreprises visit\u00e9es se trouvaient \u00e9galement plusieurs usines fabriquant notamment des compteurs d\u2019\u00e9nergie.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Entretien avec Maria Nowak-Gr\u0119bska men\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a, le 9 octobre 2023, Piaseczno (Varsovie).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Entretien avec Fernand Cuche<\/h2>\n

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Entretien avec Fernand Cuche men\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a,\u00a0 le 18 Juin 2020, Les Pr\u00e9s sur Ligni\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Entretien de Jerzy Grebski<\/span><\/h3>\n

M\u00e9decin<\/p>\n

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\u00abIls \u00e9taient toujours afflig\u00e9s par le fait que l\u2019objet du discours officiel se r\u00e9v\u00e9lait soudain \u00eatre un pays dans lequel il y avait des goulags, dans lequel on manquait de libert\u00e9, non seulement de libert\u00e9 syndicale, mais de libert\u00e9 tout court, et qui constituait une menace pour la paix. <\/span>\u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Lors de leur visite en Romandie, les syndicalistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us chaleureusement par diverses collectivit\u00e9s locales. Des liens particuli\u00e8rement forts se sont tiss\u00e9s lors de leur passage dans le Jura. Jerzy Grebski, un m\u00e9decin de Varsovie repr\u00e9sentant la section de Solidarnosc de la r\u00e9gion de Masovie, fait partie du groupe des syndicalistes polonais qui ont visit\u00e9 la Suisse Romande.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00bb Il y a eu quelques r\u00e9unions, dont la premi\u00e8re, si je me souviens bien, a eu lieu dans une usine Bobst. C\u2019\u00e9tait une ancienne usine m\u00e9tallurgique qui faisait aussi office d\u2019usine d\u2019emballage, o\u00f9 ils fabriquaient des bo\u00eetes en carton pour la production. Une r\u00e9union a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9e comme \u00e7a, en pr\u00e9sence des syndicalistes de ces usines ainsi que de la direction. C\u2019\u00e9tait une discussion tr\u00e8s politique. Ils s\u2019int\u00e9ressaient \u00e0 la Pologne, mais c\u2019\u00e9tait une r\u00e9union un peu formelle.<\/span><\/p>\n

En revanche, les r\u00e9unions avec les agriculteurs suisses et les producteurs de lait ou de fromage \u00e9taient totalement diff\u00e9rentes. Ces rencontres \u00e9taient tout \u00e0 fait cordiales et se d\u00e9roulaient non pas au niveau d\u2019un syndicat ou d\u2019une organisation, mais plut\u00f4t d\u2019un village ou d\u2019une organisation. Apr\u00e8s notre arriv\u00e9e, des personnes nous ont accueillis chez eux pendant quelques jours. Ils nous ont montr\u00e9 avec fiert\u00e9 leur petite fromagerie, o\u00f9 plusieurs tonnes de lait \u00e9taient transform\u00e9es, mais o\u00f9 les fromages \u00e9taient vraiment bons\u00a0; la pi\u00e8ce faisait \u00e0 peine deux m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Et c\u2019est dans une pi\u00e8ce pas plus vaste que deux grandes caves qu\u2019ils nous ont montr\u00e9 leurs enclos \u00e0 animaux. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, c\u2019\u00e9tait aussi une r\u00e9union de famille, car nous \u00e9tions accompagn\u00e9s par les enfants de nos h\u00f4tes. Et pour nous faire plaisir, ils nous ont donn\u00e9 des skis, que deux d\u2019entre nous qui visitaient le Jura fran\u00e7ais ont voulu essayer. Nous avons donc fait un peu de ski l\u00e0-bas. C\u2019\u00e9tait vraiment un accueil tr\u00e8s chaleureux. <\/span><\/p>\n

Les rencontres avec les \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, par exemple, \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus politiques. Nous y avons rencontr\u00e9 des gens qui avaient une vision de gauche. Leurs discussions ont fait ressurgir les trotskistes, mais aussi Boukharine, dans nos m\u00e9moires. Ils ont ouvert la voie. Je sais aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait de petits groupes, de quelques personnes, mais des gens tr\u00e8s influents et extr\u00eamement occup\u00e9s\u00a0; d\u2019excellents organisateurs. Quand ils m\u2019ont invit\u00e9 \u00e0 me pr\u00e9senter, j\u2019ai parl\u00e9 de mes opinions politiques comme le faisait un Polonais \u00e0 qui les communistes avaient impos\u00e9 la loi martiale en Pologne. Mes r\u00e9ponses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillies avec compr\u00e9hension, mais les \u00e9tudiants essayaient encore de trouver, pour ainsi dire, une explication \u00e0 ce mythe de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique qui ne fonctionnait pas. Ils \u00e9taient toujours afflig\u00e9s par le fait que l\u2019objet du discours officiel se r\u00e9v\u00e9lait soudain \u00eatre un pays dans lequel il y avait des goulags, dans lequel on manquait de libert\u00e9, non seulement de libert\u00e9 syndicale, mais de libert\u00e9 tout court, et qui constituait une menace pour la paix. Donc, en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019ils \u00e9taient, par exemple, anti-am\u00e9ricains, j\u2019ai l\u2019impression qu\u2019ils avaient une certaine peur de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique, de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e rouge, d\u2019une attaque possible. Apr\u00e8s tout, en arri\u00e8re-plan, on savait depuis longtemps ce que les Russes faisaient en Afghanistan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mais ils <\/span>[les sympathisant de gauche<\/span>] ne pouvaient pas s\u2019approcher des Am\u00e9ricains. C\u2019est du moins ces gens-l\u00e0 que nous avons rencontr\u00e9s, ces gens des milieux \u00e9tudiants de Gen\u00e8ve. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas encore possible de parler des Verts. Ce parti n\u2019existait pas encore, mais il s\u2019agissait de personnes ayant une attitude clairement de gauche. <\/span><\/p>\n

En revanche, l\u2019attitude politique dans le Jura \u00e9tait diff\u00e9rente, ces gens-l\u00e0 ne cherchaient pas des vis\u00e9es politiques \u00e0 large \u00e9chelle. Ils faisaient leur propre politique sur place. C\u2019est quelque chose qui m\u2019a beaucoup touch\u00e9, car il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une d\u00e9mocratie interne \u00e0 la Suisse. Ils \u00e9taient habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 voter plusieurs fois par an, \u00e0 organiser toutes sortes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums, sur tout, de la piste cyclable qui allait passer par la piscine \u00e0 l\u2019embauche d\u2019un nouvel employ\u00e9, tout \u00e9tait soumis \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum. Je dois dire que la premi\u00e8re fois, cela m\u2019a sembl\u00e9 exotique, mais j\u2019ai ensuite constat\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une m\u00e9thode valable au moins pour une si petite communaut\u00e9. Je ne sais pas si cela passerait bien en Pologne, mais c\u2019est une m\u00e9thode et elle fonctionnait l\u00e0-bas. C\u2019est ainsi que les choses se sont pass\u00e9es, la mani\u00e8re dont j\u2019ai vu les aspects politiques de la Suisse \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0<\/em>Du Jura suisse, je me souviens tr\u00e8s bien du pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019association des agriculteurs suisses, Fernand Cuche. Une personne extr\u00eamement int\u00e9ressante, dont le profil nous a imm\u00e9diatement rappel\u00e9 le Polonais Janosik. Il avait des cheveux mi-longs et clairs, se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ait avec beaucoup d’agilit\u00e9 et \u00e9tait bien b\u00e2ti. C\u2019\u00e9tait un excellent organisateur, qui nous a charm\u00e9s par son franc parl\u00e9, par la chaleur qu\u2019il nous a t\u00e9moign\u00e9e, par exemple en nous invitant \u00e0 d\u00eener avec sa famille, et m\u00eame en nous pr\u00e9sentant sa petite amie, \u00e9galement suisse. Son attitude s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e positive et elle nous a donn\u00e9 confiance en lui. \u00bb<\/p>\n

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Entretien men\u00e9 avec Jerzy Gr\u0119bski par Renata Lata\u0142a, le 9 octobre 2023, Piaseczno (Varsovie).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Entretien de Fernand Cuche<\/h2>\n

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Entretien avec Fernand Cuche, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par Renata Lata\u0142a,\u00a0 le 18 Juin 2020, Les Pr\u00e9s sur Ligni\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

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2<\/span><\/h1>\n

Avec nous! Avec nous!
Votre solidarit\u00e9 – Notre libert\u00e9<\/em><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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